Land and runoff management

The way that rural land is managed, both in terms of the vegetative cover and the underlying soil, can greatly influence the pathways and speed by which incident rainfall reaches watercourses. Good land and soil management practices can help to minimise the generation of surface runoff and reduce downstream flood risk. Land and soil management for NFM involves cultivating soils to promote a good macro-structure and good organic matter content, thereby increasing soil infiltration and reducing surface flow generation and associated sediment transport. Surface water flooding is usually associated with heavy rainfall falling on impermeable surfaces, dry (capped) soils, frozen soils, or on a saturated catchment, causing overland flow to occur. This rainfall induced overland flow is quickly transferred to channels across the surface of the landscape due to the limited potential for soil infiltration. There is a consequent rapid rise in channel levels and a flashy catchment response to the rainfall. This high energetic flow of water across the landscape can result in erosion to soil and the transport of sediments (and sediment associated pollutants). Runoff management measures target these flow pathways, disconnecting them thereby attenuating the flow.

Research article on the development of a decision framework selecting between riparian management measures for farmed land now published

A paper has been published on the development of a decision framework for selecting between riparian management measures for farmed land. The open access paper and tool is published in Water and Environment Journal and is authored by a team of scientists from the James Hutton Institute and Teagasc (Ireland). Agricultural mitigation measures should be correctly designed and sited to make effective barriers for diffuse pollution.

A soil route map for Scotland​

ClimateXChange has just published a soil route map for Scotland. The aim of this route map is to consolidate the challenges of managing soil systems to develop an overarching strategy for delivering improved soil security across Scottish landscapes. The route map recommends six objectives for Scotland to achieve a vision of ‘thriving soils for Scotland’s communities, economy and environment’; these six objectives are highlighted in the link below.

Paper published on the hydro-geomorphic effects of wooden leaky barriers in a steep headwater stream

A paper has been published on the hydro-geomorphic effects of wooden leaky barriers (LBs) in a steep headwater stream. The open access paper is published in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms and authored by a team of scientists in the James Hutton Institute. It focuses on a series of leaky barriers installed in a steep headwater channel of the Tweed. Detailed field monitoring and two-dimensional hydraulic modelling (HEC-RAS 2D) were used to assess the hydraulic impact of the structures and associated geomorphic changes.

Podcast on Magic Margins; helping maintain soil on farm

A podcast has been released by Farming and Water Scotland that discusses the 'Magic Margin' approach. In this podcast, they talk with David Boldrin from the James Hutton Institute about how magic margins can be used to help reduce diffuse pollution on farm and help maintain soil on farm. Magic Margins are part of a 3D buffer strip approach which aims to maximise the benefits of edge of field and riparian field margins. 

Working with natural processes - webinar recording now available

A webinar recording is now available that summarises the new Working With Natural Processes Evidence Directory update. 

Working with natural processes (WWNP) aims to protect, restore and emulate the natural functions of catchments, floodplains, rivers and the coast to reduce flood risk. It is also referred to as natural flood management (NFM). The 2025 update report brings together evidence from natural flood management studies published after 2017. 

The webinar was hosted by the Environment Agency.

New data-based analysis tool for functioning of natural flood management measures

Scientists at the University of Aberdeen and James Hutton Institute have just published a paper on a new approach for characterising temporary storage area (TSA) functioning. The open access paper published in the Journal of Hydrology looks at multiple TSA and assesses their drainage rates. A new tool was developed called the TSA Drainage Rate Analysis tool; a novel data-based mechanistic method that only requires rainfall and TSA water level data to describe individual TSA drainage rates.

Working with natural processes: Evidence directory update published

The Environment Agency have published an update to the Working with Natural Processes evidence directory. This was developed in collaboration with JBA Consulting. 

The Working with Natural Processes Evidence Directory was first published in 2017 and captures what research says about NFM. Evidence of NFM has grown in recent years, building our confidence in the flood risk and wider benefits these approaches can bring. Therefore this update report brings in the latest evidence. 

Outputs from Scotland’s Flood Resilience Conference now published

Scotland’s Flood Resilience Conference 2025 was held in Edinburgh on the 28th and 29th January. The theme of the conference was on taking action to implement the Flood Resilience Stratergy. Organised by Verture, the event built on Scotland’s first National Flood Resilience Strategy, published in December 2024. With sub-themes of People, Place and Process and multiple breakout sessions, the event aimed to share good practice, inspire and provide learning opportunities to establish a new level of cross-sector collaboration.

Introducing SpongeScapes: Enhancing Europe's Climate Resilience with Sponge Measures

SpongeScapes is a Horizon Europe project uniting 14 case studies across Europe to advance the understanding and implementation of sponge measures—nature-based solutions that restore landscapes' natural capacity to absorb, temporarily store, and slowly release water. These measures play a vital role in mitigating floods, droughts, and other climate impacts while delivering co-benefits such as improved water quality, biodiversity, and community well-being.

Visit our website (link below) to explore the science, case studies, and training opportunities

Floods and Droughts Research Infrastructure (FDRI) update

The Floods and Droughts Research Infrastructure (FDRI) is now establishing a long term monitoring programme in the UK. FDRI is an innovative long-term programme which, for the first time in the UK, will monitor the whole hydrological system, to improve resilience to floods and droughts. FDRI will advance our understanding of how, when and where floods and droughts occur, enabling improved predictions, robust assessment of impacts and implementation of appropriate mitigation measures.

What can be learnt from working with a community to identify what flood risk management measures are needed, are acceptable and which deliver the greatest multiple benefits?
Effect of soil structure and field drainage on water quality and flood risks (report by CREW)
A short policy paper by CREW detailing the issues managers come up against when implementing NFM in relation to UK reservoir legislation.  Information is sought on whether these issues still apply under the new Reservoirs Act.
The 'Land management for increased flood resilience' report was published by CREW and authored by Spray et al., (2015).  The main objectives of the project were to undertake: A large scale survey of farmers’ attitudes to NFM and to the use of potential policy instruments to promote its uptake and delivery; andFarm-scale economic analyses of the impact of NFM measures under different scenarios.See - https://www.crew.ac.uk/publication/land-management-increased-flood-resilience